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In and, a serial has a continuing plot that unfolds in a sequential episode-by-episode fashion. Serials typically follow main that span entire or even the full run of the series, which distinguishes them from traditional episodic television that relies on more stand-alone episodes. Worldwide, the is the most prominent form of serial. Serials rely on keeping the full nature of the story hidden and revealing elements episode by episode to keep viewers tuning in to learn more. Often these shows employ segments at the beginning and at the end of each episode.
Such shows also place a demand on viewers to tune into every episode to follow the plot. The invention of recording devices such as and has made following these type of shows easier, which has resulted in increased success and popularity.
Prior to the advent of DVRs, television networks shunned serials in prime time as they made more difficult and television producers shunned them because they were tougher to go into years down the road. Serials contrast with episodic television, with plots relying on a more independent stand-alone format. Television programs are commonly episodic. In, the term serial is also synonymous with the American term – a short-run series with one title and plot. The finale of the serial sometimes concludes the program as a whole, for sequel serials are rarely made. Shorter serial programs known as (and earlier, ), originating and often produced in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking, have become popular worldwide. Contents.
Terminology The term 'serial' refers to the intrinsic property of a series – namely its. In literature, the term is used as a noun to refer to a format (within a ) by which a story is told in contiguous (typically ) installments in sequential issues of a single publication. More generally, 'serial' is applied in to materials 'in any medium issued under the same title in a succession of discrete parts, usually numbered (or dated) and appearing at regular or irregular intervals with no predetermined conclusion.' The term has been used for a radio or television production with a continuously evolving, unified plot and set of characters, spread over multiple episodes. In the United States, daytime soap operas have long had a serial structure.
Television also commonly come in a serial form. Starting in the mid-1970s, series with soap opera-like stories began to be aired in prime time (e.g., ).
In the 1990s, shows like and began to use a more serial structure, and now there are a much wider range of shows in serial form. This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2009) Serials have existed since the beginning of mass marketed entertainment in the 19th centurybeginning with the serial novels, and continuing with the advent of the of the early 20th century. With the advent first of television, and the decline of the movie-going audience, production of movie serials ceased due to the decreasing audience (and revenues). But the serial lived on, moving instead to the small screen and the world of television. Soap operas The television serial format as known today originated in radio, in the form of children's adventure shows and daily 15-minute programs known as soap operas (so-called because many of these shows were by soap companies, such as and ).
Soap operas were specifically engineered to appeal to women (with the intention of increasing sale of soap). They usually ran from Monday through Friday at exactly the same time every day. A show called The Smith Family which ran only one night a week on WENR in Chicago during the early 1930s was credited as the 'great-granddaddy of the soap operas' by radio historian Francis Chase, Jr. One of the other shows that helped pioneer the daytime soap opera/serial was The, which debuted on radio in 1937, and then switched to Television in 1952. The Guiding Light 's final episode aired on September 18, 2009, having a total of 15,762 episodes air on CBS. Some of the characters in soap operas have been portrayed as long-suffering (a common theme even in some of today's serials along with the social and economical issues of the day).
Children's adventure serials were more like, with continuing characters involved in exploits with episodes that often ended in a cliffhanger situation; were a particularly popular format for children's serials on the radio. Guiding Light and such other daytime television program serials such as, and were popular in the Golden and Silver Ages of television and still are today. Aside from the social issues, the style and presentation of these shows have changed. Whereas in the 1950s and 1960s the drama was underscored with traditional organ music, and in the 1970s and the 1980s a full orchestra provided the score, the daytime dramas of today use cutting-edged synth-driven music (in a way, music for soaps has come full-circle, from the keyboard to the keyboard). The nighttime serials are a different story, though the concept is also nothing new. In the 1960s, ABC aired the first real breakthrough nighttime serial, inspired by the novel and theatrical film of the same name.
After its cancellation, the format went somewhat dormant until Norman Lear produced in 1976. In 1977, ABC created another comedy soap (aptly called ). Although the show was controversial for its time (with a homosexual character among its cast roster), it was (and still is today) a cult classic. The success of popularized serial storylines on prime-time television.
Its end-of-season, such as ' and 'Bobby in the Shower?' , influenced other shows like (ABC's answer to Dallas),. There were some serial shows such as and that did not officially fit into this category, but were nonetheless ratings hits season after season.
While the last of the 1980s nighttime soaps ended during the first years of the following decade, then a second wave came with series like,. But as the 1990s came to a close, the primetime soap as an official format gradually faded away, where it largely seems to remain as of the middle of the first decade of the 21st century in the United States. Other dramas Serialized storytelling can also be seen in other dramas. Heavily serialized dramas include,. Series such as, and fall somewhere in-between, featuring a new case each week that is solved by the end of the episode, but also having an overarching mystery that receives focus in many episodes. The more serialized its storytelling, the less likely a show is to fare well in repeats. The format places a demand on episodes to be run in order, without which story arcs stretching over many episodes may be difficult for new viewers to delve into.
Also falls into the category while each season involves a new mystery that spans an entire season (and on one occasion, half the season) while planting hints throughout the episodes until the climax in the finale. To a lesser extent, series such as and may also feature ongoing story arcs, but episodes are more self-encapsulated and so the series fall into a more conventional drama category. Fringe has experimented with 'myth-alones', a hybrid that attempts to advance the story arc in a self-contained episode. In addition, it has been noted that the use of is still prevalent in adventure shows; however, they are now typically used just before a commercial break and the viewer need only wait a few minutes to see its resolution. In addition, many series have also made extensive use of the traditional end-of-episode cliffhanger format.
This is most common in which often end in a cliffhanger that would only be resolved in the next season's premiere. Over the course of its run, a show may change its focus. Matt Cherniss, executive vice president of programming at Fox says: 'Sometimes early on, being a little more episodic allows more people into the room.
And as the show goes on, by its nature, it might find itself becoming a little more serialized.' Early in their runs, shows such as, Buffy, and put greater emphasis on the 'story-of-the-week', but over time story arcs begin to dominate. In contrast, became more focused on standalone stories in later seasons, because of pressures by network executives. Effect of serialization on commercial success Complex may have a negative effect on ratings by making entry more difficult for new viewers as well as confusing fans who have missed an episode.
Networks see them as riskier than dramas that focus on a self-contained story of the week. Tom O'Neil of the notes: 'They're chancy because these shows are hard to join midway through.' As of 2012 CBS has not aired a serial drama in many years, in part because of the success of its non-serial. Scott Collins of the Los Angeles Times states that 'serialized storytelling. Though popular with hard-core fans and many critics, requires more dedication from viewers and has almost certainly tamped down ratings for many shows.' The article also quotes an ad executive who states that close-ended story lines 'make it easier for new viewers to tune in and figure out what's going on.' According to, serialized elements also make it more difficult for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes.
Co-creator regrets helping to make serialization common: 'We may have been partly responsible for what's going on now, where if you miss the first episode or two, you are lost. You have to wait until you can get the whole thing on DVD and catch up with it. If that blood is on our hands, I feel kind of badly about it. It can be very frustrating.' Another problem is that many fans prefer to record these shows and the whole season in one session. These viewers are not included in TV ratings as they are much less likely to watch commercials than live viewers.
The move away from live viewing and toward DVR or internet-streaming services has hurt many shows' prospects because there are fewer or no commercials and they may be fast-forwarded or out-of-date. Concerned about the toll on ratings of complex story arcs, networks sometimes ask showrunners to reduce serialization. Network executives believe that standalone episodes serve as a better jumping on point for new viewers, although this may result in a conflict with regular watchers who tend to prefer more focus on story arcs. Began as a more serialized show but later became more stand-alone under network pressure.
During season 3 of the re-imagined, showrunner was also pressured to make episodes more stand-alone. This move resulted in negative criticism from both fans and critics, and Moore revealed in the Season 3 finale podcast that the network finally accepted that standalone episodes simply do not work for the story he is trying to tell. Moore has also stated that the network was reluctant to greenlight mainly because story-arc-heavy series notoriously have difficulty in picking up new viewers, as compared to a series composed of mostly standalone episodes.
According to, the second season of will be less serialized in order to render the show more accessible to new viewers., creator of, has also suggested that his show may move away from serialized storytelling: 'I think the show needs to move towards standalone episodes in order to survive.' Networks also discourage complex story arcs because they are less successful in reruns, and because standalone episodes can be rerun without concern for order. And have expressed concern that declining ratings may lead to a major reduction in serialized storytelling. To highlight the situation, in the 2006–2007 season, no fewer than five high-concept serials were introduced, including, and, all of which experienced fairly quick cancellation due to low ratings.
In 2010 and 2011, more high-profile, high-cost serials failed to achieve success, including,. Some reviewers have also noted that serialized dramas are at a disadvantage at major awards shows such as the. Such shows generally have to submit an atypical self-contained episode in order to gain recognition. Despite this, since 2000, every winner of the has been a: (2000–2003), (2004, 2007), (2005), (2006), (2008–2011), (2012), (2013–2014), (2015-2016), and (2017). In terms of DVD sales, however, strongly serialized shows often perform better than shows which are strongly procedural. (Season 6 ), (Season 4 ), (Season 2 ), and even ratings minnow (Season 4.0 ) sell significantly more units than hit procedurals such as (Season 6 ), (Season 3, Season 5 ), (Season 4, Season 5 ) and (Season 2, Season 3 ).
Serialized shows tend to develop a more dedicated fanbase interested in exploring the show online as well as becoming customers of additional merchandising. Other uses for the term serial In, the term 'serial' is usually used instead of '. In some cases – such as the costume drama (, 1995) or the contemporary social drama (, 1996) – these are stand-alone dramas, and at the conclusion of the last episode, the program itself ends. In other cases, perhaps most famously the original series of (1963–89), the programme is made up of a continuing series of different serials. See also.
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Retrieved May 7, 2007. External links. Most popular articles about 2010s American television series on Wikipedia, with user comments on traffic jumps - can be found on.